a)完全倒装将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,称之为完全倒装。例如:
Now comes the chance. 机会来了。
b)部分倒装只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面,称之为部分倒装。例如:
Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒服。
Only in this way can we do the work better. 只有这样我们才能把工作做得更好。
3. 倒装的原因
a)一些句型的固定用法。
例如:Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。
b)强调的需要。倒装以后,句子更加流畅生动。
例如:
Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。
Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。
4. 倒装句的基本用法在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中:
Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。
Here comes our teacher! 我们的老师来了!
a)副词only+状语放在句首时:
Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。
Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。
b)含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than)放在句首时:
Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。
Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests. 火车刚一进站,我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。
c)副词so或neither(nor)在句首:He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣,我也如此。
He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there. 他没有去过农村,他也不想去那里。
d)在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首:
Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他讲话的声音那样大,连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。
So small were the words that he could hardly see them. 字那么小,他几乎看不见。
难点释疑:
1. so作“也”讲时,引导的句子用倒装语序。
例如:He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看电影了,我也去了。如不作“也”讲而只起连词作用,表示一种结果的意思,句子就要用正常语序。例如:
His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母亲叫他去看电影,他就去了。
“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。”“确实如此。”
2 Young as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他年轻,却知道很多东西。
3. 在虚拟语气中,如果非真实条件句省略if,须将主句中的were,had和should等助动词和主语颠倒形成部分倒装。
例如:Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年轻一些,他就会去学溜冰。
Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods. 如果他们忘记带一张地图的话,他们就会在深林里迷路。
Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to accept it. 假如他们认识到这个任务是多么重要的话,他们就不致于拒绝接受这项任务。