(1)从属连词that.
如:He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
(2)从属连词if/whether.
如:I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。
I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。
(3)Who or what he was, Martin never learned. 他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
(4)介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
难点释疑:
1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。
如:We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. 我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他已表明他不会屈服。
2.He is a good student except that he is careless. 他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。
3.连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。
I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。
4.宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?
5.宾语从句的时态变化规律:
(1)当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。
(2)当主句是一般过去时态时,从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳运行。